Stock enhancement programme for black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker), in Hiroshima Bay, Japan: a review

This paper reviews the stock enhancement programme for black sea bream ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii ) in Hiroshima Bay. This bay is one of the biggest production areas for black sea bream in Japan, accounting for about 10% of the total catch of the species in this country in 2004. After intensive fishing pressure caused a drastic decline in the catch of the species in this bay in the 1970s, a stock enhancement programme was conducted in its northern part since 1982 to restore the depleted population. The number of black sea bream juveniles released in 1996 surpassed 9 million, representing the third main species stocked in Japan. Almost 1.4 million of these juveniles were released into Hiroshima Bay. The fast acclimatization of hatchery-reared juveniles released into the bay may have contributed to the recovery of landings in the late 1980s and 1990s. However, this recovery was accompanied by a reduction in the market price of black sea bream. Further studies to assess the effectiveness of the stock enhancement programme as well as the carrying capacity of Hiroshima Bay to maintain the stock of black sea bream at a stable, healthy level are desirable. The necessity of evaluating the secondary effects derived from using a reduced number of breeders as well as finding new markets are suggested.     

茄子叶片组织结构与对侧多食跗线螨抗性的关系

研究了27个茄子品种叶片组织结构对侧多食跗线螨Polyphagotarsonemus latus(Banks）的田间种群密度、叶片为害指数和种群增长倍数（实验室）3个指标的影响。结果表明，不同茄子品种的叶片上表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织和下表皮层厚度均存在一定的差异。由于该螨主要集中在叶片背面取食，其口器不发达，口针长32．5％－43．4μm，口针能通过下表皮层进入海绵组织，但不能进入栅栏组织。在叶片下表皮层厚的品种上，螨的种群密度和叶片为害指数均显著低，其下表皮和栅栏组织层越厚，抗性越强。其上表皮层厚的品种，种群增长倍数高，抗性低。     

侧多食跗线螨实验种群生命表的研究

侧多食跗线螨是我国蔬菜重要害螨之一。通过对该螨在取食茄子条件下实验种群生命表的研究,结果表明：该螨的内禀增长率（ｒ_ｍ）、周限增长率（λ）、净增殖率（Ｒ_ｏ）、种群世代平均周期（Ｔ）和种群加倍时间（ｔ）分别为０.２５８４、１.２９４８、１９.３９５３、１１.４７２８和２.６８２３。     

茄子品种(系)对侧多食跗线螨抗性聚类分析

 用田间种群密度、叶片为害指数和种群增长倍数 (实验室 ) 3个抗性指标作为评定标准 ,对 2 7个茄子品种抗侧多食跗线螨 Polyphagotarsonemus L atus( Banks)进行了系统聚类分析。结果表明 ,不同茄子品种对侧多食跗线螨抗性存在明显差异。相比较之下 ,丰研一号、种都万吨早茄、种都特别培育、成都墨茄、渝早茄 2号、湘研 2号和油罐茄7个品种为较强抗性品种 ;西安绿茄、种都皇太子、8819和湘研早茄 4个品种均为较易感品种 ;其余品种介于二者之间。同时表明 ,3个抗性指标之间相关性达极显著水平 ,因而 ,调查茄子品种抗该螨时选择 3个指标中的一个指标 ,既简便 ,又合理     

杂交鲷与黑鲷投喂频率的比较研究

比较了黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)♀×真鲷(Pagrus major)♂杂交子二代(杂交鲷或杂交F2)与黑鲷幼鱼在不同投喂频率下生长性能、生理生化指标的差异表现,为新品种选育提供基础依据.选用杂交F2及黑鲷幼鱼为研究对象,设4个投喂频率组(1T:1次·d?1、2T:2次·d?1、3T:3次·...     

辣椒田侧多食跗线螨的空间分布及理论抽样数的确定

应用聚集度指标检验、线性回归方程检验,研究探讨了侧多食跗线螨混合种群的空间分布型。结果表明,侧多食跗线螨在辣椒田呈聚集分布,这种分布主要是由该螨的生物学特性决定的,且具有密度依赖性。在回归检验中,3种回归模型的拟合效果良好,但以Taylor（1961）的幂法则最优。     

不同蛋白质与碳水化合物水平对黑鲷肌肉营养组成和质地的影响

为探究日粮中不同蛋白质与碳水化合物水平对黑鲷肌肉营养组成和质地的影响,实验配置了41.0%和37.5%2种蛋白质水平下3种碳水化合物水平(以小麦面粉为碳水化合物源,使用量分别为19%,24%,29%)的实验饲料,分别记为L1(19/41),L2(24/41),L3(29/41),L4(19/37.5),L5(24/37.5),L6(29/37.5)。实验以黑鲷幼鱼[均重(9.95±0.22)g)]为研究对象,投喂上述实验饲料养殖8周后,分析肌肉常规营养与氨基酸组成,测定肌纤维密度,并采用TA.XT plus质构分析仪进行质地多面剖析(TPA)模拟测试。结果显示,不同饲料蛋白质与碳水化合物比例对黑鲷背肌粗蛋白、粗脂肪无显著性影响(P0.05);对背肌谷氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸和蛋氨酸含量均具有显著影响(P0.05),而对其余氨基酸含量与总量均无显著性影响(P0.05);此外,对背肌硬度产生显著性影响(P0.05)。在同一碳水化合物水平下,蛋白质水平降低,背肌硬度、胶性显著减小(P0.05),恢复性显著增大(P0.05);而在同一蛋白水质平下,随着碳水化合物水平升高,背肌硬度、恢复性出现显著性差异(P0.05);蛋白水平降低,肌纤维密度下降(P0.05)。研究表明,2种蛋白质水平下不同碳水化合物水平对黑鲷背肌的常规营养组成无显著性影响,但对氨基酸组成和质地有一定影响。     

温度对黄鳍鲷主要消化酶活性的影响

研究了温度对黄鳍鲷肝、肠和胃3个部位蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶比活的影响。实验设计了15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65℃等11个温度梯度,结果表明:肠蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶的最适温度为45℃,而肝蛋白酶的最适温度为40℃;胃淀粉酶的最适温度是40℃,肝淀粉酶的最适温度是35℃,而肠淀粉酶的最适温度是30℃;肠脂肪酶和胃脂肪酶的最适温度是40℃,肝脂肪酶的最适温度是45℃。从整体来看,在35~45℃的范围内,肝、肠和胃3部位的3种酶都有较高的活性。     

Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth, feed utilization, plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn

A 10‐week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of raw corn starch levels on the growth, feed utilization, plasma chemical indices and metabolic enzyme activities of juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus. Four semi‐purified experimental diets with different raw corn starch levels (5%, 10%, 20% and 26%) and a high‐protein control diet were prepared before the experiment and hand‐fed to triplicate groups of juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus. Weight gain and specific growth rate for fish fed the diet containing 26% raw corn starch were significantly lower than those for fish fed 10% or 20% corn starch diets or the high‐protein control diet. Fish fed 10% or 20% corn starch diets had a slightly better growth performance than those fed the 5% corn starch diet. Feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio (PER) for 20% raw corn starch fed fish were the highest among all groups, although no statistically significant differences were found among the experimental groups. The high‐protein control group had a significantly lower PER value than other groups. Protein productive values for fish fed the 5% raw corn starch diet and the high‐protein control diet were significantly lower than those of fish fed the 20% raw corn starch diet, but not significantly different from the values of any other group. The values of intraperitoneal fat ratio, viscerosomatic index and condition factor, as well as body and muscle compositions, were unaffected by corn starch levels. The hepatosomatic index and liver glycogen level for fish fed 5%, 10%, 20% raw corn starch and the high‐protein control diets were equal but significantly lower compared with that of fish fed the 26% raw corn starch diet. Plasma values of the fish were not affected by various dietary treatments, except that a significantly higher plasma glucose concentration was measured in the high‐protein control group compared with the values in the other groups. There were variations in the activities of hepatic hexokinase and pyruvate kinase of the yellowfin seabream after they had been fed different dietary raw corn starch levels for 10 weeks. The overall results showed that a 20% inclusion level of raw corn starch in the diet was better utilized by juvenile yellowfin seabream than 5%, 10% or 26% levels and had a protein‐sparing effect.